Patents
What is a patent?
A patent is an official document granting its owner exclusive rights to an invention or technical solution for a certain period. In other words, a patent allows a person or company to be the only one to make, sell, or use their invention.
The purpose of a patent is to protect innovations and encourage people to create new technologies, devices, methods, or processes. A patent ensures that no one can copy your idea without permission.
Why patents are important
- Protection of inventions – prevents unauthorized use by competitors.
- Commercialization – patents can be licensed or sold for profit.
- Innovation incentive – encourages companies and inventors to create new products.
- Public knowledge – patents disclose technology, contributing to scientific progress.
What can be patented?
- Inventions – new technologies, devices, or methods with practical application.
- Utility models – technical solutions with lower novelty but practical use.
Cannot be patented:
- Ideas without a technical implementation
- Abstract concepts, scientific theories, or mathematical formulas
- Artistic works, literature, or music (covered by copyright)
How to obtain a patent
- Novelty search – ensure the invention is not already patented.
- Application preparation – description, drawings, and claims.
- Examination by patent office – experts check novelty, inventive step, and applicability.
- Patent issuance – after approval, the owner receives the certificate.
Duration
Patents usually last 20 years from the filing date (for inventions) and often 10 years for utility models. Annual fees must be paid to maintain the patent.
Rights and obligations
- The right to prevent others from using, selling, or making the invention without permission.
- The right to license or sell the patent.
- Obligation to pay annual fees and disclose the invention in the documentation.
Examples
- Telephone – classic technology invention
- Medical devices – diagnostic or treatment devices
- Industrial technologies – production methods, energy-saving technologies
Importance for startups
- Increases company value for investors
- Helps expand internationally via systems like PCT
- Prevents fraud and copying by competitors
Summary
Patents are essential for protecting innovations and advancing technology. They allow inventors and companies to control their ideas, monetize them, and safely bring them to market.